/ -.. / . It would have been It was also, as OP says, unpressurized, so that passengers as well as crew had to breathe supplemental oxygen through masks while above 15,000 feet. It would have been The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites, Back to 'Vanished: The Plane That Disappeared' programme pageTranscriptFurther information, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. attention it is common to use the dots and dash for V as a calling made with the control tower at Santiago. This would have explained the suddenness of its disappearance, and the fact that large pieces of wreckage had not been spotted during a wide air and land search. . / . Yet one mystery remains:. Morse transmissions prior to picking up voice communication. It makes me want to write out the Morse code and play with the spacing. . STENDEC - The World's Most Mysterious Morse Code | When a plane goes missing over the Andes Mountains in 1947, it's unusual last message leaves the world with a 70 year old mystery still waiting to be solved. One final mystery lay in the last message sent out by the Star Dust. STENDEC Solved by John L. Scherer. People all over the world had reported hundreds of flying saucer sightings during the last two weeks of June 1947. A popular photographer who has amassed almost 30,000 followers on Instagram has admitted that his portraits are actually generated by artificial intelligence (AI). That's also how Carole Lombard died. . At 17.41 a Chilean Air Force Morse operator in Santiago picked up a message: ETA [estimated time of arrival] Santiago 17.45 hrs. If so, according to their timings, they had already passed Los Cerrillos, where they could have safely landed as intended, so this doesnt seem to make much sense either. DNA samples from relatives of the victims subsequently identified four passengers and crew. It even inspired a new name for a UFO magazineSTENDEK. flew at this time reports that it was common to inform the airport As might be inferred from that lineage, it was uncomfortable, noisy, and cramped. Believers of this theory claim it stood for something like, Stardust tank empty, no diesel, expected crash, or, Santiago tower, emergency, now descending, entering cloud. Experts on Morse code are quick to call hogwash on this theory, however, saying that the crew would have never cryptically abbreviated an important message. - / . Over the next 2 years more debris and remains will be found. It has taken two years to find relatives and carry out the necessary DNA tests. The chances of all of these failing are extremely low, so the theory of hypoxia and the anagram has been ruled out by many. Morse code which the Chilean Operator believed she received was: S T E N D E C. _ . If they wanted to convey distress, they would have sent an SOS., Misinterpretation Theory attention, and another signing off. Outside of the music world, Joel is a best-selling author, releasing The Realists Guide to a Successful Music Career, which features Kris Williams is a lesbian, and that means she wont be seeing her son anytime soon. Discussion [6], A recovered propeller showed that the engine had been running at near-cruising speed at the time of the impact. Other explanations for the appearance On July 3, a rancher at Roswell, New Mexico, claimed to have found a UFO crash site with four alien bodies. course. The investigators concluded that the aircraft had not stalled. Once again, no distress signal was received. As it turns out, STENDEC is an anagram of the word descent. One popular theory is that the crew, flying at 24,000 feet in an unpressurized aircraft, suffered from hypoxia. The Foreign Office yesterday confirmed that after initially unsuccessful attempts, Argentinian scientists have found close family matches. Various people came up with intriguing, imaginative and sometimes Lancasters had four Rolls Royce Merlin engines, the front-line combat engine that powered the latest Spitfire and Mustang fighters. In the absence of any hard evidence, numerous theories aroseincluding rumours of sabotage (compounded by the later disappearance of two other aircraft also belonging to BSAA);[13] speculation that Star Dust might have been blown up to destroy diplomatic documents being carried by the King's Messenger;[13] or even the suggestion that Star Dust had been taken or destroyed by a UFO (an idea fuelled by unresolved questions about the flight's final Morse code message). Furthermore, whilst it is relatively easy "STENDEC" in Morse code is: / - / . by John . And similarly why would an operator say ETA LATE when he had only STENDEC Solved (Mystery message from 1947 Andes plane crash) By Shiplord Kirel: Fan of Big Bird, Bert, and Ernie. Even parts of the plane had been frozen in time, with one of its wheels still fully inflated after spending half a century lost on the glacier. Actually, the With so many people packing heat the country must be safer, right? So apparently the mystery hasn't been solved, because I don't see anything in the article suggesting anyone understands what Stendec meant. / . between the letters). [21], The simplest explanation put forward to date is that the spacing of the rapidly sent message was misheard or sloppily sent. Without rearranging any of the inputs, and just separating the spacing differently, you can come up with the phrase SCTI AR. The problem here though is that, even if this was the case, it would be unusual for Harmer to use a phrase which was not internationally recognised, and only specifically known to allied participants of the war. The Chilean operator did mention how Harmers messages came through unusually fast, so there is every chance that some letters were incorrectly spaced and caused confusion to the control tower. However, while the aircraft was unpressurized, its crew had been supplied with oxygen. For example, if you lose the first two dots in the word STENDEC, and rearrange the spacing of the letters, the word could instead be interpreted as ETA LA(E)TE, albeit with a rogue E thrown into the mix. It was concluded that, being his first Trans-Andean flight in command, and in view of the weather conditions, Cook should not have crossed via the direct route, and despite the absence of a wreckage, the plane likely perished somewhere along the snowy peaks of the Andes Mountains. A A more plausible theory is that the message was misinterpreted due to a spacing error in the Morse code. The operator understood that Star Dust intended to land in four minutes, but the final word, STENDEC, confused him. Plane and Pilot builds on more than 50 years of serving pilots and owners of aircraft with the goal of empowering our readers to improve their knowledge and enthusiasm for aviation. Conspiracy Theory Watch: Don't Drink the Kool Aid. Between 1998 and 2000, about ten per cent of the total expected wreckage emerged from the glacier, prompting several re-examinations of the accident. The disappearance and the odd message have remained a mystery for over sixty years. For regular taxpayers, the consequence is slow customer service and processing delays. The radio operator misheard the signal. It's possible that the desire to descend as soon as possible to a level at which the passengers could breathe normally may have factored into Star Dust's premature departure from a safe crossing altitude. . very close to the airport, and one pilot and radio operator who [10] The Chilean Air Force radio operator at Santiago airport described this transmission as coming in "loud and clear" but very fast; as he did not recognise the last word, he requested clarification and heard "STENDEC" repeated twice in succession before contact with the aircraft was lost. Very good writeup! In 1947 the official report into Stardusts disappearance had this on nothing further was heard from the aircraft and no contact was Pages Sign In Register Forgot password? This was the case in 1947 when an airliner crashed in the Andes, killing everyone aboard. / -.. / . amusing messages based on using STENDEC as a series of initials: Five of the eight British victims have been identified. Universal History Archive/UIG via Getty images. STENDEC was corrupted into Stendek and became the name of a Spanish In fact, this conspiracy ran for so long that even a Spanish magazine published in the 1970s, which was dedicated to UFOs and the paranormal, named itself after the now infamous morse code. . Already a member? Also, in the 1947 report, the oxygen system was noted as being fully charged, along with nine emergency bottles before leaving Buenos Aires. If spacing between letters is hard to distinguish, its clear to see how some characters can be accidentally mistaken for others, leading to incorrect words or phrases. it as an acronym or an abreviation yields little fruit. The actual Morse code which the Chilean Operator believed she received was: S T E N D E C One was a British diplomatic courier, a King's Messenger. Was there a connection? Relatives of the crew and passengers aboard a British plane which plunged into an Argentinian glacier 55 years ago have been told this week their DNA samples match human remains recovered from a crash site 15,000ft up in the Andes. Cook had been awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) and the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC). Bennett finished his life as a supporter, and occasional candidate, for a variety of xenophobic and extremist political parties -- a sad end for one of the world's greatest pilots and air navigators of the 1930s and 1940s. - / . know for certain, but I believe this is by far the most likely meaning of The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable even has an entry for STENDEC. Dozens of books and articles have examined the evidence, turned it over, twisted it, rearranged the letters, and drawn a blank. Variations suggested that the crew might have been suffering from of Stardusts radio operator. [14] Human remains were also recovered, including three torsos, a foot in an ankle boot and a manicured hand. Five months after the episode described by OP, one of BSAA's Avro Tudor IV aircraft, Star Tiger, with 31 persons on board, vanished on a flight from Lisbon to Bermuda with an intermediate fuel stop in the Azores. 1 Pan Am Flight 7 So mysterious was the disappearance of the plane - coupled with it's final strange message - that Stardust became entwined in UFO theories. So apparently the mystery hasn't been solved, because I don't see anything in the article suggesting anyone understands what Stendec meant. Its designer, Roy Chadwick, died in one when a prototype crashed during a test flight in 1947. [22] Alternatively, the Morse spelling for "STENDEC" is one character off from instead spelling VALP, the call sign for the airport at Valparaiso, 110 kilometers north of Santiago. of Stendec. . A WGBH-Boston NOVA: Vanished (2001) program about the crash commented: Some of the six passengers on board seemed to have stepped straight out of an Agatha Christie novel. They included a Palestinian businessman with a sizable diamond sewn into the lining of his jacket; a German migr, Marta Limpert, returning to Chile with the ashes of her dead husband; and a British courier carrying diplomatic correspondence. What did the crew of BSAA Flight CS-59 mean when they sent and repeated the cryptic message STENDEC via Morse code seconds before crashing? . . They were in a remarkable state of preservation; freeze-dried by icy winds, the remains had not suffered bacteriological decay. STENDEC." That was the last communication sent in Morse code on August 2, 1947, by an Avro 691 Lancastrian aircraft flying for British South American Airways from Buenos Aires, Argentina, to Santiago, Chile. The Morse for AR is.- /.-. same combination of dashes and dots as STENDEC, but shifting the spaces in - / . And if there was any meaning to it, it wasnt in regards to the crash. That is the official ruling of an Oklahoma court. The trekkers had abandoned their pack mules lower down, and ascended with what they could carry. All Rights Reserved ntskeptics.org The "STENDEC mystery," referring to the cryptic message sent by a Lancastrian airliner before it vanished in the Andes, is a staple of the UFO culture. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, STENDEC - The Worlds Most Mysterious Morse Code, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathfinder_(RAF). Investigators concluded that the crew, flying in a snowstorm against a powerful jet stream, must have become confused about their location and believed they were closer to their destination then they actually were, with the crash being the result of a controlled descent into terrain. But the budgetary toll of persistent underfunding is unmistakable. A few days after Christmas in 2015, a woman in Sydney's south-west was contacted by police with shocking news. That would leave just "END", sandwiched between a signal attracting British Overseas Airways G-AGLX (the registration number) went down on March 23, 1946, and British Overseas Airways G-AGMF crashed on August 20. [13] Some BSAA pilots, however, expressed scepticism at this theory; convinced that Cook would not have started his descent without a positive indication that he had crossed the mountains; they have suggested that strong winds may have brought down the craft in some other way. Ball lightning is a potentially dangerous atmospheric electrical phenomenon. Conspiracy Theory Watch: Don't Drink the Kool Aid. This made for interesting reading and a welcome diversion from the usual flood of depressing news. simple message SCTI AR (or in layman's terms "Santiago, over"). SCTI is the international airline code for Los Cerrillos Airport, and AR is a commonly used prosign for the word OUT, or End Of Transmission. After the third time, communications ceased, and the aircraft disappeared, never reaching its final destination. The STENDEC Puzzle Ever since BSAA Avro Lancastrian Star Dust vanished on a flight from Buenos Aires to Santiago, the ending of its final transmission - STENDEC - has continued to puzzle experts and amateurs alike. Vanished: The Plane That Disappeared Just before the plane disappeared, it The Avro Lancastrian was a civilian version of the wartime Lancaster heavy bomber. That is the official ruling of an Oklahoma court. STENDEC. The wireless operator did not recognize the last word, so he requested clarification. This gives us the very Speaking at the Munich Security Conference, Harris Joel is a founding member and the resident keyboard wizard for Umphreys McGee AND a long-time Phish fan! 1 Dec. 2010, Volume 24, Number 12: 1-5. You're right! Technology Inc. recognized signoff or 'end of message' signal was 'AR' (with no space [16] If the airliner, which had to cross the Andes mountain range at 24,000 feet (7,300m), had entered the jet-stream zonewhich in this area normally blows from the west and south-west, resulting in the aircraft encountering a headwindthis would have significantly decreased the aircraft's ground speed. With a diplomat on board, the press freely speculated that a bomb had exploded in mid-flight. A person suffering hypoxia may possibly make the same mistake consistently three times in succession but is very unlikely to create an anagram of the intended word. /- (ST) Some politicians have irresponsibly suggested that every new IRS employee will be a gun-toting enforcement agent. _._. code. They hadn't passed Curico. For the next fifty years, the fate of the plane and those on board remained a mystery. I personally believe that the word was a misinterpretation of the code, but theories span far and wide on what the now notorious phrase stood for. Actually, the With so many people packing heat the country must be safer, right? In Mendoza, one startling picture published in the city's newspapers aroused particular curiosity. / -. With the word not existing in international morse code, or any spoken language at the time, interpreting STENDEC has led to many varying theories. Didn't the test Tudor flight crash because the aileron controls had been reversed (e.g trying to roll right rolled the aircraft left) or am I thinking of a different British test aircraft crash. People all over the world had reported hundreds of flying saucer sightings during the last two weeks of June 1947. A few years later, more debris was found on the mountain, suggesting that the plane had made a head-on impact with the ground due to the close proximity and condition of the wreckage. To use it, drag this button to your browser's bookmark bar, and title it 'LGF Pages' (or whatever you like). Therefore a standard signoff would be sent as the Her sisters, boyfriend and sons knew nothing of her illness until suddenly, during a family gathering in October 2018 at a diner in Reading The Online Photographer lead me to this article. Some of you watching may have already noticed that when you rearrange the letters in STENDEC, youre able to form the word DESCENT. that final message from the ill-fated Lancastrian. same combination of dashes and dots as STENDEC, but shifting the spaces in To use it, drag this button to your browser's bookmark bar, and title it 'LGF Pages' (or whatever you like). to say on the subject:The 17.41 signal was received by Santiago only 4 minutes before Weird December 2010 Views: 31,751. . Mysteries Of Flight: The Curious Case Of Pan Am Flight 914, Fond Farewell to a Titan: The Antonov An-225, Plane & Pilot Survey: Pilots and Politics, Accident Brief: Piper PA28R Crash In Georgia. In January 2000, they located the site and began recovering debris. The word STENDEC was corrupted into Stendek and became. The Lancastrian aircraft, with eleven people on board, never did arrive at Santiago Airport and its location remained unsolved for over fifty years. Something like "We're completely screwed.". The Theory this method of communication. In 1998, over 50 years after the disappearance of Stardust, a group of Argentine mountaineers climbing Mount Tupungato, one of the highest mountains in the Andes and roughly 50 miles east of Santiago, stumbled upon the Rolls-Royce Merlin engine of the Lancastrian. You can post your own LGF Pages simply by registering a free account with us. [15] During the final portion of Star Dust's flight, heavy clouds would have blocked visibility of the ground. The crew of Stardust, including the radio operator Harmer, had all served in the RAF previously during WWII, so if this phrase is true, then it is possible that they were all familiar with the term and used it in a time of crisis. word is meaningless in almost every language, and trying to use Its certainly reasonable that they would have jumbled their message in a hypoxic state. The trekkers had abandoned their pack mules lower down, and ascended with what they could carry. But my maternal great . The last word in Star Dust's final Morse code transmission to Santiago airport, "STENDEC", was received by the airport control tower four minutes before its planned landing and repeated twice; it has never been satisfactorily explained. The searchers discovered one propeller, its tips scarred and bent backward, indicating that the prop had been revolving when the Lancastrian plowed into the Tupungato glacier. [17] One of the pilots recalled that "we had all been warned not to enter cloud over the mountains as the turbulence and icing posed too great a threat. Ball lightning. Moreover, operators at the time only referred to aircraft by their registration code, which in Star Dusts case was G-AGWH., Acronym Theory In 1950, one of these, Star Girl, had no fewer than 83 passengers and crew crammed into it on a charter flight from Dublin to Llandow, a low-cost airport near Cardiff in Wales. Its fate became one of the most puzzling aviation mysteries of its time. Investigators concluded that the crew, flying in a snowstorm against a powerful jet stream, had become confused about their location and believed they were closer to Santiago than they actually were. As mentioned previously, the standard morse code for a distress signal is SOS, which is much easier and quicker to communicate than STENDEC. [6] Marta Limpert, a German migr, was the only passenger known for certain to have initially boarded Star Mist in London[7] before changing aircraft in Buenos Aires to continue on to Santiago with the other passengers. A FINAL WORDHorizon regrets that - due to the sheer volume of correspondence The theory about it meaning emergency crash landing is interesting but given a lack of sources outside of a few people telling anecdotes I don't know how believable it is. the disappearance of the plane - coupled with its final strange End Credits. Some politicians have irresponsibly suggested that every new IRS employee will be a gun-toting enforcement agent. Submissions should outline a mystery and provide a link to a more detailed review of the case such as a Wiki article or news report. The fate of the British South American Airways flight, which disappeared in a snowstorm on August 2 1947 en route from Buenos Aires to Chile, was for decades surrounded by rumours of escaping Nazi spies and stolen gold. State Sen. Nathan Dahm (R-OK) has penned several bills loosening gun restrictions, including the nation's first anti-red flag MUNICH (AP) The United States has determined that Russia has committed crimes against humanity in Ukraine, Vice President Kamala Harris said Saturday, insisting that justice must be served to the perpetrators. [10] However, Star Dust never arrived, no more radio transmissions were received by the airport, and intensive efforts by both Chilean and Argentine search teams, as well as by other BSAA pilots, failed to uncover any trace of the aircraft or of the people on board. Perhaps with more time, an additional transmission would have been sent explaining STENDEC, but, as things stand, while Some Try Explaining, Nobody Deciphers Enigmatic Code. Could there be more to the story of Star Dusts crash? Jos Avery has been posting his impressive photos Twitter continues to crumble bit by bit. Another noticeable similarity is that the word STENDEC has some resemblance to the word STARDUST, and perhaps Harmer misspelled the name of the aircraft in morse code. "Stardust tank empty no diesel expected crash" Not understanding the word "STENDEC" he queried it Things like air turbulance (in my case, rough seas) also affect that rythm. A mix of misinterpretation and a lack of recent knowledge led to the operator instead hearing the term STENDEC, which, combined with the disappearance of the plane, led to one of South Americas greatest aviation mysteries. The Theory Bennett, commander of the Royal Air Force's [Pathfinders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathfinder_(RAF) during the Second World War -- it developed an unenviable record for unexplained disappearances of its airliners in flight. The radio operator, Dennis Harmer, also had a record of wartime as well as civilian service. At 5:41 p.m., a Chilean Morse code radio operator for the Los Cerrillos Airport received a message. Furthermore, The Army unit also discovered that the wheels on the plane were in an upward position, so the crew had not attempted an emergency landing. The Lancastrian's vanishing act happened at a time of considerable political turmoil in South America. losing the first two dots) yields ETA LATE - apparently a common An extensive search operation failed to locate the wreckage, despite covering the area of the crash site. transmitted by the plane, reporting their position and intended Voice Star Dust crashed into Mount Tupungato, killing all aboard and burying itself in snow and ice.[1][2]. These included suggestions that the radio operator, possibly suffering from hypoxia, had scrambled the word "DESCENT" (of which "STENDEC" is an anagram); that "STENDEC" may have been the initials of some obscure phrase or that the airport radio operator had misheard the Morse code transmission despite it reportedly having been repeated multiple times. [12], A report by an amateur radio operator who claimed to have received a faint SOS signal from Star Dust initially raised hopes that there might have been survivors,[11] but all subsequent attempts over the years to find the vanished aircraft failed. Neither men were taken to the jail. makes clear, modern science has answered most of the questions surrounding the 1947 crash of the civilian aircraft Stardust in the Andes east of Santiago, Chile. / -.-. Discussion of the above, please follow the link to Martin Colwell's website here - [8], Star Dust left Buenos Aires at 1:46 pm on 2 August. Read on these 10 strange mysteries that were solved later. the operator use a calling up sign in the middle of his message? This one individual in particular mentioned that he asked his 80 year old father, who remembers hearing the phrase being used often by the radio operator on his ship when he served in the Merchant Marine during WWII. Solve the Mystery of STENDEC Readers' Theories Set #3 Posted February 8, 2001 previous set The word STENDEC means: "Severe Turbulence Encountered, Now Descending, Emergency Crash-Landing.". The Mystery of STENDEC - YouTube Avro Lancastrian (Public domain image)It was a story borne out all too often in the annals of aviation disasters. In 2000 the Argentine Army detachment found the debris scattered over one square kilometer, a relatively small area, so the bomb theory was discarded. The searchers discovered one propeller, its tips scarred and bent backward, indicating that the prop had been revolving when the Lancastrian plowed into the Tupungato glacier. Martin Colwell's theory on the mystery "STENDEC" The message was repeated-STENDEC, then transmitted a third time. know for certain, but I believe this is by far the most likely meaning of -, Press J to jump to the feed. As for the Avro Tudor, its safety record was deplorable even at the time. But in the absence of Though it had as its General Manager a pilot of exceptional distinction -- Air Vice Marshal D.C.T. problem, here is a website which translates English into Morse code. It has to be this one in my opinion. In Morse code, determining accurate spacing between characters is vital to properly interpret the message; "STENDEC" uses exactly the same dot/dash sequence as "SCTI AR" (the four-letter code for Los Cerrillos Airport in Santiago, "over"). UFO magazine. BBC2 9:00pm Thursday 2nd November 2000, Although science has solved in other words 'EC' without the space. . Replies analysing and speculating over the mystery and possible explanations are encouraged. For those who aren't familiar, a flight carrying a Uruguayan rugby team and some of their family members crashed into the Andes in 1972. the ETA. They may be similar, but it is still hard to imagine an experienced Speaking at the Munich Security Conference, Harris Joel is a founding member and the resident keyboard wizard for Umphreys McGee AND a long-time Phish fan! Both men were last spotted being arrested by deputy Steve Calkins for driving without a license. hypoxia (lack of oxygen) as the Lancastrian was unpressurised and Thanks SK. up sign. / - / . The experienced crew of the "Stardust" apparently realized the plane was off course in a northerly direction (it was found eighty kilometers off its flight path), or they purposely departed from the charted route to avoid bad weather.
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